Poniższy obraz pokazuje problem z replikacją transakcji, który obecnie badam.
Obraz pochodzi z Monitora replikacji.
Jak mogę uzyskać te informacje za pomocą T-SQL?
źródło
Poniższy obraz pokazuje problem z replikacją transakcji, który obecnie badam.
Obraz pochodzi z Monitora replikacji.
Jak mogę uzyskać te informacje za pomocą T-SQL?
Po przeprowadzeniu wyszukiwania online znalazłem to, czego potrzebujesz, mam nadzieję, że moja odpowiedź ci pomoże.
odpowiedź 1
Uwaga:
Działa tylko z transakcyjną i transakcyjną replikacją peer-to-peer
Rzeczy, które należy wziąć pod uwagę przed wykonaniem poniższego skryptu
Wymaga uprawnień do poniższych tabel w bazach danych dystrybucji i master
USE [distribution]
IF OBJECT_ID('Tempdb.dbo.#ReplStats') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #ReplStats
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[#ReplStats](
[DistributionAgentName] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL,
[DistributionAgentStartTime] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[DistributionAgentRunningDurationInSeconds] [int] NOT NULL,
[IsAgentRunning] [bit] NULL,
[ReplicationStatus] [varchar](14) NULL,
[LastSynchronized] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[Comments] [nvarchar](max) NOT NULL,
[Publisher] [sysname] NOT NULL,
[PublicationName] [sysname] NOT NULL,
[PublisherDB] [sysname] NOT NULL,
[Subscriber] [nvarchar](128) NULL,
[SubscriberDB] [sysname] NULL,
[SubscriptionType] [varchar](64) NULL,
[DistributionDB] [sysname] NULL,
[Article] [sysname] NOT NULL,
[UndelivCmdsInDistDB] [int] NULL,
[DelivCmdsInDistDB] [int] NULL,
[CurrentSessionDeliveryRate] [float] NOT NULL,
[CurrentSessionDeliveryLatency] [int] NOT NULL,
[TotalTransactionsDeliveredInCurrentSession] [int] NOT NULL,
[TotalCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession] [int] NOT NULL,
[AverageCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession] [int] NOT NULL,
[DeliveryRate] [float] NOT NULL,
[DeliveryLatency] [int] NOT NULL,
[TotalCommandsDeliveredSinceSubscriptionSetup] [int] NOT NULL,
[SequenceNumber] [varbinary](16) NULL,
[LastDistributerSync] [datetime] NULL,
[Retention] [int] NULL,
[WorstLatency] [int] NULL,
[BestLatency] [int] NULL,
[AverageLatency] [int] NULL,
[CurrentLatency] [int] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
INSERT INTO #ReplStats
SELECT da.[name] AS [DistributionAgentName]
,dh.[start_time] AS [DistributionAgentStartTime]
,dh.[duration] AS [DistributionAgentRunningDurationInSeconds]
,md.[isagentrunningnow] AS [IsAgentRunning]
,CASE md.[status]
WHEN 1 THEN '1 - Started'
WHEN 2 THEN '2 - Succeeded'
WHEN 3 THEN '3 - InProgress'
WHEN 4 THEN '4 - Idle'
WHEN 5 THEN '5 - Retrying'
WHEN 6 THEN '6 - Failed'
END AS [ReplicationStatus]
,dh.[time] AS [LastSynchronized]
,dh.[comments] AS [Comments]
,md.[publisher] AS [Publisher]
,da.[publication] AS [PublicationName]
,da.[publisher_db] AS [PublisherDB]
,CASE
WHEN da.[anonymous_subid] IS NOT NULL
THEN UPPER(da.[subscriber_name])
ELSE UPPER (s.[name]) END AS [Subscriber]
,da.[subscriber_db] AS [SubscriberDB]
,CASE da.[subscription_type]
WHEN '0' THEN 'Push'
WHEN '1' THEN 'Pull'
WHEN '2' THEN 'Anonymous'
ELSE CAST(da.[subscription_type] AS [varchar](64)) END AS [SubscriptionType]
,md.[distdb] AS [DistributionDB]
,ma.[article] AS [Article]
,ds.[UndelivCmdsInDistDB]
,ds.[DelivCmdsInDistDB]
,dh.[current_delivery_rate] AS [CurrentSessionDeliveryRate]
,dh.[current_delivery_latency] AS [CurrentSessionDeliveryLatency]
,dh.[delivered_transactions] AS [TotalTransactionsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,dh.[delivered_commands] AS [TotalCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,dh.[average_commands] AS [AverageCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,dh.[delivery_rate] AS [DeliveryRate]
,dh.[delivery_latency] AS [DeliveryLatency]
,dh.[total_delivered_commands] AS [TotalCommandsDeliveredSinceSubscriptionSetup]
,dh.[xact_seqno] AS [SequenceNumber]
,md.[last_distsync] AS [LastDistributerSync]
,md.[retention] AS [Retention]
,md.[worst_latency] AS [WorstLatency]
,md.[best_latency] AS [BestLatency]
,md.[avg_latency] AS [AverageLatency]
,md.[cur_latency] AS [CurrentLatency]
FROM [distribution]..[MSdistribution_status] ds
INNER JOIN [distribution]..[MSdistribution_agents] da
ON da.[id] = ds.[agent_id]
INNER JOIN [distribution]..[MSArticles] ma
ON ma.publisher_id = da.publisher_id
AND ma.[article_id] = ds.[article_id]
INNER JOIN [distribution]..[MSreplication_monitordata] md
ON [md].[job_id] = da.[job_id]
INNER JOIN [distribution]..[MSdistribution_history] dh
ON [dh].[agent_id] = md.[agent_id]
AND md.[agent_type] = 3
INNER JOIN [master].[sys].[servers] s
ON s.[server_id] = da.[subscriber_id]
--Created WHEN your publication has the immediate_sync property set to true. This property dictates
--whether snapshot is available all the time for new subscriptions to be initialized.
--This affects the cleanup behavior of transactional replication. If this property is set to true,
--the transactions will be retained for max retention period instead of it getting cleaned up
--as soon as all the subscriptions got the change.
WHERE da.[subscriber_db] <> 'virtual'
AND da.[anonymous_subid] IS NULL
AND dh.[start_time] = (SELECT TOP 1 start_time
FROM [distribution]..[MSdistribution_history] a
JOIN [distribution]..[MSdistribution_agents] b
ON a.[agent_id] = b.[id] AND b.[subscriber_db] <> 'virtual'
WHERE [runstatus] <> 1
ORDER BY [start_time] DESC)
AND dh.[runstatus] <> 1
SELECT 'Transactional Replication Summary' AS [Comments];
SELECT [DistributionAgentName]
,[DistributionAgentStartTime]
,[DistributionAgentRunningDurationInSeconds]
,[IsAgentRunning]
,[ReplicationStatus]
,[LastSynchronized]
,[Comments]
,[Publisher]
,[PublicationName]
,[PublisherDB]
,[Subscriber]
,[SubscriberDB]
,[SubscriptionType]
,[DistributionDB]
,SUM([UndelivCmdsInDistDB]) AS [UndelivCmdsInDistDB]
,SUM([DelivCmdsInDistDB]) AS [DelivCmdsInDistDB]
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryRate]
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryLatency]
,[TotalTransactionsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[AverageCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[DeliveryRate]
,[DeliveryLatency]
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredSinceSubscriptionSetup]
,[SequenceNumber]
,[LastDistributerSync]
,[Retention]
,[WorstLatency]
,[BestLatency]
,[AverageLatency]
,[CurrentLatency]
FROM #ReplStats
GROUP BY [DistributionAgentName]
,[DistributionAgentStartTime]
,[DistributionAgentRunningDurationInSeconds]
,[IsAgentRunning]
,[ReplicationStatus]
,[LastSynchronized]
,[Comments]
,[Publisher]
,[PublicationName]
,[PublisherDB]
,[Subscriber]
,[SubscriberDB]
,[SubscriptionType]
,[DistributionDB]
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryRate]
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryLatency]
,[TotalTransactionsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[AverageCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[DeliveryRate]
,[DeliveryLatency]
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredSinceSubscriptionSetup]
,[SequenceNumber]
,[LastDistributerSync]
,[Retention]
,[WorstLatency]
,[BestLatency]
,[AverageLatency]
,[CurrentLatency]
SELECT 'Transactional Replication Summary Details' AS [Comments];
SELECT [Publisher]
,[PublicationName]
,[PublisherDB]
,[Article]
,[Subscriber]
,[SubscriberDB]
,[SubscriptionType]
,[DistributionDB]
,SUM([UndelivCmdsInDistDB]) AS [UndelivCmdsInDistDB]
,SUM([DelivCmdsInDistDB]) AS [DelivCmdsInDistDB]
FROM #ReplStats
GROUP BY [Publisher]
,[PublicationName]
,[PublisherDB]
,[Article]
,[Subscriber]
,[SubscriberDB]
,[SubscriptionType]
,[DistributionDB]
Odpowiedź 2
Skrypt_2 znaleziony w MSDN
--First you find the distributor servername using the below running in publisher
Use master
EXEC sp_helpdistributor;
--Then you can run the below to find the type (use distributor database)
SELECT
(CASE
WHEN mdh.runstatus = '1' THEN 'Start - '+cast(mdh.runstatus as varchar)
WHEN mdh.runstatus = '2' THEN 'Succeed - '+cast(mdh.runstatus as varchar)
WHEN mdh.runstatus = '3' THEN 'InProgress - '+cast(mdh.runstatus as varchar)
WHEN mdh.runstatus = '4' THEN 'Idle - '+cast(mdh.runstatus as varchar)
WHEN mdh.runstatus = '5' THEN 'Retry - '+cast(mdh.runstatus as varchar)
WHEN mdh.runstatus = '6' THEN 'Fail - '+cast(mdh.runstatus as varchar)
ELSE CAST(mdh.runstatus AS VARCHAR)
END) [Run Status],
mda.subscriber_db [Subscriber DB],
mda.publication [PUB Name],
CONVERT(VARCHAR(25),mdh.[time]) [LastSynchronized],
und.UndelivCmdsInDistDB [UndistCom],
mdh.comments [Comments],
'select * from distribution.dbo.msrepl_errors (nolock) where id = ' + CAST(mdh.error_id AS VARCHAR(8)) [Query More Info],
mdh.xact_seqno [SEQ_NO],
(CASE
WHEN mda.subscription_type = '0' THEN 'Push'
WHEN mda.subscription_type = '1' THEN 'Pull'
WHEN mda.subscription_type = '2' THEN 'Anonymous'
ELSE CAST(mda.subscription_type AS VARCHAR)
END) [SUB Type],
mda.publisher_db+' - '+CAST(mda.publisher_database_id as varchar) [Publisher DB],
mda.name [Pub - DB - Publication - SUB - AgentID]
FROM distribution.dbo.MSdistribution_agents mda
LEFT JOIN distribution.dbo.MSdistribution_history mdh ON mdh.agent_id = mda.id
JOIN
(SELECT s.agent_id, MaxAgentValue.[time], SUM(CASE WHEN xact_seqno > MaxAgentValue.maxseq THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UndelivCmdsInDistDB
FROM distribution.dbo.MSrepl_commands t (NOLOCK)
JOIN distribution.dbo.MSsubscriptions AS s (NOLOCK) ON (t.article_id = s.article_id AND t.publisher_database_id=s.publisher_database_id )
JOIN
(SELECT hist.agent_id, MAX(hist.[time]) AS [time], h.maxseq
FROM distribution.dbo.MSdistribution_history hist (NOLOCK)
JOIN (SELECT agent_id,ISNULL(MAX(xact_seqno),0x0) AS maxseq
FROM distribution.dbo.MSdistribution_history (NOLOCK)
GROUP BY agent_id) AS h
ON (hist.agent_id=h.agent_id AND h.maxseq=hist.xact_seqno)
GROUP BY hist.agent_id, h.maxseq
) AS MaxAgentValue
ON MaxAgentValue.agent_id = s.agent_id
GROUP BY s.agent_id, MaxAgentValue.[time]
) und
ON mda.id = und.agent_id AND und.[time] = mdh.[time]
where mda.subscriber_db<>'virtual' -- created when your publication has the immediate_sync property set to true. This property dictates whether snapshot is available all the time for new subscriptions to be initialized. This affects the cleanup behavior of transactional replication. If this property is set to true, the transactions will be retained for max retention period instead of it getting cleaned up as soon as all the subscriptions got the change.
--and mdh.runstatus='6' --Fail
--and mdh.runstatus<>'2' --Succeed
order by mdh.[time]
Odpowiedź 3
Skrypt opisany w SimpleTalk TSQL jako zadanie agenta.
Utwórz w bazie danych DBA zainstalowanej na serwerze subskrybenta. Kod do utworzenia tabeli to:
CREATE TABLE dbo.Replication_Qu_History(
Subscriber_db varchar(50) NOT NULL,
Records_In_Que numeric(18, 0) NULL,
CatchUpTime numeric(18, 0) NULL,
LogDate datetime NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT PK_EPR_Replication_Que_History PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
Subscriber_db ASC, LogDate DESC
) ON PRIMARY
GO
Skrypt 1
Dane w tej tabeli są wypełniane przez procedury monitorowania i zapewniają kontekst historyczny do badania problemów. Ale aby monitorować, co się teraz dzieje, potrzeba więcej.
Istnieją trzy rzeczy, które pomagają określić kondycję replikacji.
Liczba oczekujących poleceń oczekujących na subskrypcję
DECLARE @cmd NVARCHAR(max)
DECLARE @publisher SYSNAME, @publisher_db SYSNAME, @publication SYSNAME, @pubtype INT
DECLARE @subscriber SYSNAME, @subscriber_db SYSNAME, @subtype INT
DECLARE @cmdcount INT, @processtime INT
DECLARE @ParmDefinition NVARCHAR(500)
DECLARE @JobName SYSNAME
DECLARE @minutes INT, @threshold INT, @maxCommands INT, @mail CHAR(1) = 'N'
SET @minutes = 60 --> Define how many minutes latency before you would like to be notified
SET @maxCommands = 80000 ---> change this to represent the max number of outstanding commands to be proceduresed before notification
SET @threshold = @minutes * 60
SELECT * INTO #PublisherInfo
FROM OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', 'SERVER=(LOCAL);TRUSTED_CONNECTION=YES;'
, 'SET FMTONLY OFF EXEC distribution.dbo.sp_replmonitorhelppublisher')
SELECT @publisher = publisher FROM #PublisherInfo
SET @cmd = 'SELECT * INTO ##PublicationInfo FROM OPENROWSET(''SQLOLEDB'',''SERVER=(LOCAL);TRUSTED_CONNECTION=YES''
,''SET FMTONLY OFF EXEC distribution.dbo.sp_replmonitorhelppublication @publisher='
+ @publisher + ''')'
--select @cmd
EXEC sp_executesql @cmd
SELECT @publisher_db=publisher_db, @publication=publication, @pubtype=publication_type FROM ##PublicationInfo
SET @cmd = 'SELECT * INTO ##SubscriptionInfo FROM OPENROWSET(''SQLOLEDB'',''SERVER=(LOCAL);TRUSTED_CONNECTION=YES''
,''SET FMTONLY OFF EXEC distribution.dbo.sp_replmonitorhelpsubscription @publisher='
+ @publisher + ',@publication_type=' + CONVERT(CHAR(1),@pubtype) + ''')'
--select @cmd
EXEC sp_executesql @cmd
ALTER TABLE ##SubscriptionInfo
ADD PendingCmdCount INT NULL,
EstimatedProcessTime INT NULL
Aby sprawdzić status zadań dystrybucji
DECLARE cur_sub CURSOR READ_ONLY FOR
SELECT @publisher, s.publisher_db, s.publication, s.subscriber, s.subscriber_db, s.subtype, s.distribution_agentname
FROM ##SubscriptionInfo s
OPEN cur_sub
FETCH NEXT FROM cur_sub INTO @publisher, @publisher_db, @publication, @subscriber, @subscriber_db, @subtype, @JobName
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @cmd = 'SELECT @cmdcount=pendingcmdcount, @processtime=estimatedprocesstime FROM OPENROWSET(''SQLOLEDB'',''SERVER=(LOCAL);TRUSTED_CONNECTION=YES''
,''SET FMTONLY OFF EXEC distribution.dbo.sp_replmonitorsubscriptionpendingcmds @publisher=' + @publisher
+ ',@publisher_db=' + @publisher_db + ',@publication=' + @publication
+ ',@subscriber=' + @subscriber + ',@subscriber_db=' + @subscriber_db
+ ',@subscription_type=' + CONVERT(CHAR(1),@subtype) + ';' + ''')'
SET @ParmDefinition = N'@cmdcount INT OUTPUT,
@processtime INT OUTPUT'
--select @cmd
EXEC sp_executesql @cmd,@ParmDefinition,@cmdcount OUTPUT, @processtime OUTPUT
UPDATE ##SubscriptionInfo
SET PendingCmdCount = @cmdcount
, EstimatedProcessTime = @processtime
WHERE subscriber_db = @subscriber_db
INSERT INTO DBA.dbo.Replication_Que_History
VALUES(@subscriber_db, @cmdcount, @processtime, GETDATE())
-- find out if the distribution job with the high number of outstanding commands running or not
-- if it is running then sometimes stopping and starting the agent fixes the issue
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM tempdb.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE '##JobInfo%')
DROP TABLE ##JobInfo
SET @cmd = 'SELECT * INTO ##JobInfo FROM OPENROWSET(''SQLOLEDB'',''SERVER=(LOCAL);TRUSTED_CONNECTION=YES''
,''SET FMTONLY OFF EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_help_job @job_name='''''
+ @JobName + ''''',@job_aspect=''''JOB'''''')'
EXEC sp_executesql @cmd
IF @cmdcount > @maxCommands OR (@processtime > @threshold AND @cmdcount > 0)
BEGIN
IF (SELECT current_execution_status FROM ##JobInfo) = 1 -- This means job is currently executing so stop/start it
BEGIN
EXEC distribution.dbo.sp_MSstopdistribution_agent
@publisher = @publisher
, @publisher_db = @publisher_db
, @publication = @publication
, @subscriber = @subscriber
, @subscriber_db = @subscriber_db
WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:05' ---- 5 Second Delay
SET @mail = 'Y'
END
END
--SELECT name, current_execution_status FROM ##JobInfo
IF (SELECT current_execution_status FROM ##JobInfo) <> 1 -- if the job is not running start it
BEGIN
EXEC distribution.dbo.sp_MSstartdistribution_agent
@publisher = @publisher
, @publisher_db = @publisher_db
, @publication = @publication
, @subscriber = @subscriber
, @subscriber_db = @subscriber_db
SET @mail = 'Y' -- Send email if job has stopped and needed to be restarted
END
DROP TABLE ##JobInfo
FETCH NEXT FROM cur_sub INTO @publisher, @publisher_db, @publication, @subscriber, @subscriber_db, @subtype, @JobName
END
CLOSE cur_sub
DEALLOCATE cur_sub
Uruchom procedurę dostarczoną przez Microsoft sp_replmonitorsubscriptionpendingcmds
--system stored procedure to run in distribution database
execute sp_replmonitorsubscriptionpendingcmds
--replication publisher server
@publisher ='PubServer',
--replication publisher database
@publisher_db = 'ProdDBPub',
--replication publication name
@publication ='ProdDBSub',
--replication subscriber server
@subscriber ='SubServer',
--replication subscriber database
@subscriber_db ='ProdDBSub1',
--choose type of subscription you have
@subscription_type ='1' --0 for push and 1 for pull
GO
Poniższy kod wymaga włączenia opcji konfiguracji serwera zapytań rozproszonych Ad Hoc. Tutaj tworzę wiadomość e-mail do wysłania, zakładając, że poprzedni skrypt 3 znalazł problem sp_replmonitorsubscriptionpendingcmds
.
IF @mail = 'Y'
BEGIN
DECLARE @msg VARCHAR(MAX) = 'Replication on ' + @@SERVERNAME
+ ' may be experiencing some problems. Attempts to restart the distribution agent have been made. '
+ 'If this is not the first message like this that you have received within the last hour, please investigate.'
DECLARE @body NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @xml1 NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @tab1 NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @xml2 NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @tab2 NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET @xml1 = CAST(( SELECT subscriber AS 'td','',subscriber_db AS 'td','',
latency AS 'td','', PendingCmdCount AS 'td','', EstimatedProcessTime AS 'td'
FROM ##SubscriptionInfo s
FOR XML PATH('tr'), ELEMENTS ) AS NVARCHAR(MAX))
SET @tab1 ='<html><body><H4>Subscription Information </H4>
<table border = 1> <tr>
<th> Subscriber </th> <th> Subscriber Database </th> <th> Latency(seconds)</th>
<th> Undistributed Commands </th> <th> Estimated Catch Up Time</th></tr>'
-- this command gives us the last 10 measurements of latency for each subscriber
SET @xml2 = CAST(( SELECT s.Subscriber_db AS 'td','', s.Records_In_Que AS 'td','', s.CatchUpTime AS 'td','', CONVERT(CHAR(22),LogDate, 100) AS 'td'
FROM (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY subscriber_db ORDER BY Logdate DESC ) AS 'RowNumber',
subscriber_db
, Records_In_Que
, CatchUpTime
, Logdate
FROM DBA.dbo.Replication_Que_History
) s
WHERE RowNumber <= 8
FOR XML PATH('tr'), ELEMENTS ) AS NVARCHAR(MAX))
SET @tab2 ='<br><br><H4>Historical Latency Information </H4>
<table border = 1>
<tr>
<th>Subscriber</th> <th>Undistributed Commands</th> <th> Catch Up Time </th> <th> Date\Time </th></tr>'
SET @body = @msg + @tab1 + @xml1 + '</table>'
+ @tab2 + @xml2 + '</body></html>'
DECLARE @to NVARCHAR(200)
SELECT @to = '' -- INSERT YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS HERE
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail
@body = @body,
@body_format ='HTML',
@recipients = @to,
@subject = 'Possible Replication Problem' ;
END
DROP TABLE #PublisherInfo
DROP TABLE ##PublicationInfo
DROP TABLE ##SubscriptionInfo
Ostatnim procesem jest okresowe usuwanie wierszy z tabeli statusu replikacji, aby dane nie stały się nieaktualne
DECLARE @delDate datetime = getdate()-10
DELETE FROM DBA.dbo.Replication_Que_History
WHERE LogDate < @deldate
Pls również uważają, że zauważyłem, że istnieje problem ze sp_replmonitorsubscriptionpendingcmds, jeśli nadal korzystasz z SQL Server 2005 i 2008 Microsoft Connect
Jeśli którakolwiek z powyższych odpowiedzi jest niejasna, możesz skorzystać ze źródła, które podałem
Dzięki!
Potrzebne informacje można uzyskać, przeszukując tabelę dbo.MSReplication_monitordata z bazy danych dystrybucji za pomocą tego skryptu, dla wszystkich publikacji:
W przypadku konkretnej publikacji zmień wartość „ALL” w instrukcji WHERE
Możesz także użyć tego skryptu PowerShell do odfiltrowania kolumny statusu z systemowej procedury składowanej sp_replmonitorhelppublication:
Znalazłem te skrypty w tym artykule, który opisuje również, jak to zrobić za pomocą interfejsu użytkownika za pomocą narzędzia innej firmy lub SSMS.
źródło
Jest to procedura przechowywana, które mogą pomóc, ale permutację wyniki procedury przechowywanej są kludgy, jak wiadomo.
źródło