Chcę przechwycić skrót klawiaturowy w mojej aplikacji i wywołać okno dialogowe, które pojawi się, jeśli użytkownik naciśnie kombinację klawiszy nawet poza aplikacją. Podobnie jak klawisz Ctrl i Ctrl w wyszukiwarce Google Desktop, wywołujący okno dialogowe wyszukiwania.
Próbowałem użyć niektórych modułów zaczepiania klawiatury, które w zasadzie używają współdziałania Win32, aby uzyskać ten efekt, ale każda implementacja, którą próbowałem, wiąże klawiaturę do pewnego stopnia, gdy zaczynasz zachowywać się dziwnie, gdy aplikacja robi coś intensywnego. Takie jak ładowanie dużej ilości danych mogłoby spowodować zawieszenie klawiatury i myszy.
Szukam lekkiego rozwiązania, które pozwoliłoby to zrobić bez wiązania klawiatury i myszy.
.net
events
keyboard-hook
Jeremy Edwards
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Odpowiedzi:
Stephen Toub napisał świetny artykuł na temat implementacji globalnych zaczepów klawiatury w C #:
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; class InterceptKeys { private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13; private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x0100; private static LowLevelKeyboardProc _proc = HookCallback; private static IntPtr _hookID = IntPtr.Zero; public static void Main() { _hookID = SetHook(_proc); Application.Run(); UnhookWindowsHookEx(_hookID); } private static IntPtr SetHook(LowLevelKeyboardProc proc) { using (Process curProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess()) using (ProcessModule curModule = curProcess.MainModule) { return SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, proc, GetModuleHandle(curModule.ModuleName), 0); } } private delegate IntPtr LowLevelKeyboardProc( int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); private static IntPtr HookCallback( int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { if (nCode >= 0 && wParam == (IntPtr)WM_KEYDOWN) { int vkCode = Marshal.ReadInt32(lParam); Console.WriteLine((Keys)vkCode); } return CallNextHookEx(_hookID, nCode, wParam, lParam); } [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)] private static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, LowLevelKeyboardProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, uint dwThreadId); [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)] [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] private static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hhk); [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)] private static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hhk, int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)] private static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName); }
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Oto mój kod, który działa:
using System; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace SnagFree.TrayApp.Core { class GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs : HandledEventArgs { public GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState KeyboardState { get; private set; } public GlobalKeyboardHook.LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent KeyboardData { get; private set; } public GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs( GlobalKeyboardHook.LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent keyboardData, GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState keyboardState) { KeyboardData = keyboardData; KeyboardState = keyboardState; } } //Based on https://gist.github.com/Stasonix class GlobalKeyboardHook : IDisposable { public event EventHandler<GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs> KeyboardPressed; public GlobalKeyboardHook() { _windowsHookHandle = IntPtr.Zero; _user32LibraryHandle = IntPtr.Zero; _hookProc = LowLevelKeyboardProc; // we must keep alive _hookProc, because GC is not aware about SetWindowsHookEx behaviour. _user32LibraryHandle = LoadLibrary("User32"); if (_user32LibraryHandle == IntPtr.Zero) { int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to load library 'User32.dll'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}."); } _windowsHookHandle = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, _hookProc, _user32LibraryHandle, 0); if (_windowsHookHandle == IntPtr.Zero) { int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to adjust keyboard hooks for '{Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName}'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}."); } } protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing) { // because we can unhook only in the same thread, not in garbage collector thread if (_windowsHookHandle != IntPtr.Zero) { if (!UnhookWindowsHookEx(_windowsHookHandle)) { int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to remove keyboard hooks for '{Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName}'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}."); } _windowsHookHandle = IntPtr.Zero; // ReSharper disable once DelegateSubtraction _hookProc -= LowLevelKeyboardProc; } } if (_user32LibraryHandle != IntPtr.Zero) { if (!FreeLibrary(_user32LibraryHandle)) // reduces reference to library by 1. { int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to unload library 'User32.dll'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}."); } _user32LibraryHandle = IntPtr.Zero; } } ~GlobalKeyboardHook() { Dispose(false); } public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } private IntPtr _windowsHookHandle; private IntPtr _user32LibraryHandle; private HookProc _hookProc; delegate IntPtr HookProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] private static extern IntPtr LoadLibrary(string lpFileName); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] private static extern bool FreeLibrary(IntPtr hModule); /// <summary> /// The SetWindowsHookEx function installs an application-defined hook procedure into a hook chain. /// You would install a hook procedure to monitor the system for certain types of events. These events are /// associated either with a specific thread or with all threads in the same desktop as the calling thread. /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook">hook type</param> /// <param name="lpfn">hook procedure</param> /// <param name="hMod">handle to application instance</param> /// <param name="dwThreadId">thread identifier</param> /// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is the handle to the hook procedure.</returns> [DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)] static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, int dwThreadId); /// <summary> /// The UnhookWindowsHookEx function removes a hook procedure installed in a hook chain by the SetWindowsHookEx function. /// </summary> /// <param name="hhk">handle to hook procedure</param> /// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is true.</returns> [DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hHook); /// <summary> /// The CallNextHookEx function passes the hook information to the next hook procedure in the current hook chain. /// A hook procedure can call this function either before or after processing the hook information. /// </summary> /// <param name="hHook">handle to current hook</param> /// <param name="code">hook code passed to hook procedure</param> /// <param name="wParam">value passed to hook procedure</param> /// <param name="lParam">value passed to hook procedure</param> /// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is true.</returns> [DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)] static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hHook, int code, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent { /// <summary> /// A virtual-key code. The code must be a value in the range 1 to 254. /// </summary> public int VirtualCode; /// <summary> /// A hardware scan code for the key. /// </summary> public int HardwareScanCode; /// <summary> /// The extended-key flag, event-injected Flags, context code, and transition-state flag. This member is specified as follows. An application can use the following values to test the keystroke Flags. Testing LLKHF_INJECTED (bit 4) will tell you whether the event was injected. If it was, then testing LLKHF_LOWER_IL_INJECTED (bit 1) will tell you whether or not the event was injected from a process running at lower integrity level. /// </summary> public int Flags; /// <summary> /// The time stamp stamp for this message, equivalent to what GetMessageTime would return for this message. /// </summary> public int TimeStamp; /// <summary> /// Additional information associated with the message. /// </summary> public IntPtr AdditionalInformation; } public const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13; //const int HC_ACTION = 0; public enum KeyboardState { KeyDown = 0x0100, KeyUp = 0x0101, SysKeyDown = 0x0104, SysKeyUp = 0x0105 } public const int VkSnapshot = 0x2c; //const int VkLwin = 0x5b; //const int VkRwin = 0x5c; //const int VkTab = 0x09; //const int VkEscape = 0x18; //const int VkControl = 0x11; const int KfAltdown = 0x2000; public const int LlkhfAltdown = (KfAltdown >> 8); public IntPtr LowLevelKeyboardProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { bool fEatKeyStroke = false; var wparamTyped = wParam.ToInt32(); if (Enum.IsDefined(typeof(KeyboardState), wparamTyped)) { object o = Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent)); LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent p = (LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent)o; var eventArguments = new GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs(p, (KeyboardState)wparamTyped); EventHandler<GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs> handler = KeyboardPressed; handler?.Invoke(this, eventArguments); fEatKeyStroke = eventArguments.Handled; } return fEatKeyStroke ? (IntPtr)1 : CallNextHookEx(IntPtr.Zero, nCode, wParam, lParam); } } }
Stosowanie:
using System; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace SnagFree.TrayApp.Core { internal class Controller : IDisposable { private GlobalKeyboardHook _globalKeyboardHook; public void SetupKeyboardHooks() { _globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook(); _globalKeyboardHook.KeyboardPressed += OnKeyPressed; } private void OnKeyPressed(object sender, GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs e) { //Debug.WriteLine(e.KeyboardData.VirtualCode); if (e.KeyboardData.VirtualCode != GlobalKeyboardHook.VkSnapshot) return; // seems, not needed in the life. //if (e.KeyboardState == GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState.SysKeyDown && // e.KeyboardData.Flags == GlobalKeyboardHook.LlkhfAltdown) //{ // MessageBox.Show("Alt + Print Screen"); // e.Handled = true; //} //else if (e.KeyboardState == GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState.KeyDown) { MessageBox.Show("Print Screen"); e.Handled = true; } } public void Dispose() { _globalKeyboardHook?.Dispose(); } } }
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public Keys Key { get { return (Keys)VirtualCode; } }
doLowLevelKeyboardInputEvent
. Wymaga to konieczności radzenia sobie z wirtualnymi kodami, które każdy musi znaleźć w Google. Ponadto: możesz następnie zmienićVkSnapshot
bycieint
naKeys
i po prostu umieścić klucz. Poszedłem o krok dalej i umieściłempublic static Keys[] RegisteredKeys
. OnPressed przychodziif (!GlobalKeyboardHook.RegisteredKeys.Contains(e.KeyboardData.Key)) return;
. Mógłbyś na pewno po prostu zapobiec uruchomieniu zdarzenia;).Jeśli wystarczyłby globalny skrót klawiszowy, wtedy RegisterHotKey załatwi sprawę
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Na prośbę dube zamieszczam zmodyfikowaną wersję odpowiedzi Siarheia Kuchuka .
Jeśli chcesz sprawdzić moje zmiany, wyszukaj
// EDT
. Większość z nich skomentowałem.Ustawić
class GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs : HandledEventArgs { public GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState KeyboardState { get; private set; } public GlobalKeyboardHook.LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent KeyboardData { get; private set; } public GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs( GlobalKeyboardHook.LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent keyboardData, GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState keyboardState) { KeyboardData = keyboardData; KeyboardState = keyboardState; } } //Based on https://gist.github.com/Stasonix class GlobalKeyboardHook : IDisposable { public event EventHandler<GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs> KeyboardPressed; // EDT: Added an optional parameter (registeredKeys) that accepts keys to restict // the logging mechanism. /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="registeredKeys">Keys that should trigger logging. Pass null for full logging.</param> public GlobalKeyboardHook(Keys[] registeredKeys = null) { RegisteredKeys = registeredKeys; _windowsHookHandle = IntPtr.Zero; _user32LibraryHandle = IntPtr.Zero; _hookProc = LowLevelKeyboardProc; // we must keep alive _hookProc, because GC is not aware about SetWindowsHookEx behaviour. _user32LibraryHandle = LoadLibrary("User32"); if (_user32LibraryHandle == IntPtr.Zero) { int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to load library 'User32.dll'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}."); } _windowsHookHandle = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, _hookProc, _user32LibraryHandle, 0); if (_windowsHookHandle == IntPtr.Zero) { int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to adjust keyboard hooks for '{Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName}'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}."); } } protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing) { // because we can unhook only in the same thread, not in garbage collector thread if (_windowsHookHandle != IntPtr.Zero) { if (!UnhookWindowsHookEx(_windowsHookHandle)) { int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to remove keyboard hooks for '{Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName}'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}."); } _windowsHookHandle = IntPtr.Zero; // ReSharper disable once DelegateSubtraction _hookProc -= LowLevelKeyboardProc; } } if (_user32LibraryHandle != IntPtr.Zero) { if (!FreeLibrary(_user32LibraryHandle)) // reduces reference to library by 1. { int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to unload library 'User32.dll'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}."); } _user32LibraryHandle = IntPtr.Zero; } } ~GlobalKeyboardHook() { Dispose(false); } public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } private IntPtr _windowsHookHandle; private IntPtr _user32LibraryHandle; private HookProc _hookProc; delegate IntPtr HookProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] private static extern IntPtr LoadLibrary(string lpFileName); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] private static extern bool FreeLibrary(IntPtr hModule); /// <summary> /// The SetWindowsHookEx function installs an application-defined hook procedure into a hook chain. /// You would install a hook procedure to monitor the system for certain types of events. These events are /// associated either with a specific thread or with all threads in the same desktop as the calling thread. /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook">hook type</param> /// <param name="lpfn">hook procedure</param> /// <param name="hMod">handle to application instance</param> /// <param name="dwThreadId">thread identifier</param> /// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is the handle to the hook procedure.</returns> [DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)] static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, int dwThreadId); /// <summary> /// The UnhookWindowsHookEx function removes a hook procedure installed in a hook chain by the SetWindowsHookEx function. /// </summary> /// <param name="hhk">handle to hook procedure</param> /// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is true.</returns> [DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hHook); /// <summary> /// The CallNextHookEx function passes the hook information to the next hook procedure in the current hook chain. /// A hook procedure can call this function either before or after processing the hook information. /// </summary> /// <param name="hHook">handle to current hook</param> /// <param name="code">hook code passed to hook procedure</param> /// <param name="wParam">value passed to hook procedure</param> /// <param name="lParam">value passed to hook procedure</param> /// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is true.</returns> [DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)] static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hHook, int code, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent { /// <summary> /// A virtual-key code. The code must be a value in the range 1 to 254. /// </summary> public int VirtualCode; // EDT: added a conversion from VirtualCode to Keys. /// <summary> /// The VirtualCode converted to typeof(Keys) for higher usability. /// </summary> public Keys Key { get { return (Keys)VirtualCode; } } /// <summary> /// A hardware scan code for the key. /// </summary> public int HardwareScanCode; /// <summary> /// The extended-key flag, event-injected Flags, context code, and transition-state flag. This member is specified as follows. An application can use the following values to test the keystroke Flags. Testing LLKHF_INJECTED (bit 4) will tell you whether the event was injected. If it was, then testing LLKHF_LOWER_IL_INJECTED (bit 1) will tell you whether or not the event was injected from a process running at lower integrity level. /// </summary> public int Flags; /// <summary> /// The time stamp stamp for this message, equivalent to what GetMessageTime would return for this message. /// </summary> public int TimeStamp; /// <summary> /// Additional information associated with the message. /// </summary> public IntPtr AdditionalInformation; } public const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13; //const int HC_ACTION = 0; public enum KeyboardState { KeyDown = 0x0100, KeyUp = 0x0101, SysKeyDown = 0x0104, SysKeyUp = 0x0105 } // EDT: Replaced VkSnapshot(int) with RegisteredKeys(Keys[]) public static Keys[] RegisteredKeys; const int KfAltdown = 0x2000; public const int LlkhfAltdown = (KfAltdown >> 8); public IntPtr LowLevelKeyboardProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { bool fEatKeyStroke = false; var wparamTyped = wParam.ToInt32(); if (Enum.IsDefined(typeof(KeyboardState), wparamTyped)) { object o = Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent)); LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent p = (LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent)o; var eventArguments = new GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs(p, (KeyboardState)wparamTyped); // EDT: Removed the comparison-logic from the usage-area so the user does not need to mess around with it. // Either the incoming key has to be part of RegisteredKeys (see constructor on top) or RegisterdKeys // has to be null for the event to get fired. var key = (Keys)p.VirtualCode; if (RegisteredKeys == null || RegisteredKeys.Contains(key)) { EventHandler<GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs> handler = KeyboardPressed; handler?.Invoke(this, eventArguments); fEatKeyStroke = eventArguments.Handled; } } return fEatKeyStroke ? (IntPtr)1 : CallNextHookEx(IntPtr.Zero, nCode, wParam, lParam); } }
Różnice w użytkowaniu można zobaczyć tutaj
public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private GlobalKeyboardHook _globalKeyboardHook; private void buttonHook_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Hooks only into specified Keys (here "A" and "B"). _globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook(new Keys[] { Keys.A, Keys.B }); // Hooks into all keys. _globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook(); _globalKeyboardHook.KeyboardPressed += OnKeyPressed; } private void OnKeyPressed(object sender, GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs e) { // EDT: No need to filter for VkSnapshot anymore. This now gets handled // through the constructor of GlobalKeyboardHook(...). if (e.KeyboardState == GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState.KeyDown) { // Now you can access both, the key and virtual code Keys loggedKey = e.KeyboardData.Key; int loggedVkCode = e.KeyboardData.VirtualCode; } } }
Podziękowania dla Siarhei Kuchuk za jego stanowisko. Mimo że uprościłem użytkowanie, ten kod początkowy był dla mnie bardzo przydatny.
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MessageBox
(aby sprawdzić, czy program obsługi jest aktywny i działa), natychmiast otrzymuję następujący błąd :Managed Debugging Assistant 'CallbackOnCollectedDelegate' : 'A callback was made on a garbage collected delegate of type 'GlobalKeyboardHook+HookProc::Invoke'. This may cause application crashes, corruption and data loss. When passing delegates to unmanaged code, they must be kept alive by the managed application until it is guaranteed that they will never be called.'
Jak mogę rozwiązać ten wyjątek?LowLeveKeyboardProc()
:return fEatKeyStroke ? (IntPtr)1 : CallNextHookEx(IntPtr.Zero, nCode, wParam, lParam);
Mój przedstawiciel jest zbyt niski, aby komentować, ale jeśli chodzi o
CallbackOnCollectedDelegate
wyjątek, zmodyfikowałem odpowiedźpublic void SetupKeyboardHooks()
w C4d, aby wyglądała następująco:public void SetupKeyboardHooks(out object hookProc) { _globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook(); _globalKeyboardHook.KeyboardPressed += OnKeyPressed; hookProc = _globalKeyboardHook.GcSafeHookProc; }
gdzie
GcSafeHookProc
jest tylko publiczny pobieracz_hookProc
w PO_hookProc = LowLevelKeyboardProc; // we must keep alive _hookProc, because GC is not aware about SetWindowsHookEx behaviour.
i zapisaliśmy
hookProc
jako pole prywatne w klasie wywołującejSetupKeyboardHooks(...)
, dzięki czemu odwołanie pozostaje żywe, z wyjątkiem czyszczenia pamięci , nie ma jużCallbackOnCollectedDelegate
wyjątku. Wydaje się, że posiadanie tego dodatkowego odniesienia wGlobalKeyboardHook
klasie nie jest wystarczające. Może upewnij się, że to odniesienie zostanie również usunięte podczas zamykania aplikacji.źródło
private void buttonHook_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Hooks only into specified Keys (here "A" and "B"). // (***) Use this constructor _globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook(new Keys[] { Keys.A, Keys.B }); // Hooks into all keys. // (***) Or this - not both _globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook(); _globalKeyboardHook.KeyboardPressed += OnKeyPressed; }
A potem działa dobrze.
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